Cryotherapy, also called cryoablation, is a non-invasive therapy used for alleviating pain, treating abnormal skin, and localized tumors. Cryotherapy can be administered locally or on the whole body. Surgeons use cryo probes through which liquid nitrogen or high pressure argon gas flows, freezing and destroying tumor cells. An MRI, ultrasound or CT scan is used to guide the cryo probe to reach the treatment site. Cryotherapy can also be applied topically for treating skin and eye lesions. In topical cryotherapy, liquid nitrogen is applied using a cotton swab or a spraying device.
Cryotherapy is an outpatient procedure. You will be under general anesthesia during the procedure. A local anesthetic may be used along with IV sedation. Some doctors may also use a muscle relaxant to help you relax during the procedure. As with any surgery, you will need to consult your doctor before undergoing a cryoablation therapy.
There are two ways in which cryotherapy works. In one way the dead cancerous cells are destroyed without damaging healthy tissue. When undergoing cryoablation treatments the patient generally feels some tingling and numbness in the treated area. This can last from several minutes to several hours. It will depend on the type of cryoablation therapy being used, but this should be temporary. There is also some swelling that may occur, which can be remedied by topical and oral medication.
Most cryotherapy treatments are performed on an outpatient basis under general anesthesia. The patient should experience no discomfort during or after the treatment. Doctors that specialize in cryoablation treatments often treat various skin disorders and diseases, such as eczema and skin cancer, and have qualified physicians and nurses on board to manage complications if they occur.
The new targeted subcutaneous approach to treating several types of cancer, including melanoma, liver, ovarian cancer, prostate and lung cancer, is known as cryoablation treatments. Many clinical studies have shown that cryotherapy is effective in melanoma and liver disease, although it is less effective in other cancers. Some studies have also indicated an effective response rate in lung cancer patients receiving cryoablation treatments. Research studies in this field continue and more research is expected.
The cost of cryotherapy depends on the area of the skin that needs to be treated and the size of the unit required. Patients typically experience minimal swelling and redness following the procedure and will return to work and daily routine within a few days to a week. Some side effects, such as minor bruising and temporary sun sensitivity, may occur in some patients.
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