Multiple myeloma is a type of cancer that forms a type of white blood cell called a plasma cell. In multiple myeloma, cancerous plasma cells gather around the bone marrow and crowd out healthy cells. Some of the most common symptoms of multiple myeloma are pain in the back or bones, anemia, fatigue, and kidney damage. Multiple myelomas can be identified by a biopsy, which is conducted when tissue samples from the affected area are taken and examined under a microscope. When multiple myelomas are detected on an examination, it is typically very easy to remove them with a scalpel, and in many cases, surgeons will opt to remove only one lobe of tissue at a time.
There has the development of various multiple myeloma drugs over the years with key industry players being involved in continuous research and development activities. Selinexor is one of the latest U.S. FDA-approved drug for multiple myeloma and is used to treat people suffering from relapsed or refractory disease. Furthermore, Ixazomib is the first and only oral proteasome inhibitor, indicated for multiple myeloma treatment. This drug block growth of the proteasome enzyme, which is responsible for growth of cancer cells. It is combined with dexamethasone and lenalidomide. Transplants are another treatment option used in multiple myeloma.
In the case of a transplant, it's important that the patient receive immunosuppressive medications such as aminosalicylates long before performing a transplant. This is due to the fact that it's possible for grafts to become infected after they've been transplanted. Major pharmaceutical companies in the U.S., Italy, and the U.K. are focused on developing novel multiple myeloma drugs that can boost the recovery time for patients. However, these drugs need to through stringent approval procedures set by regulatory authorities, in order to ensure safety. Recently, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved Sarclisa for the treatment of multiple myeloma in adults.
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