Genomics Is the Fastest Growing Sector for Direct-To-Consumer Genetic Testing Devices

 

Direct-to-consumer genetic testing devices have exploded in popularity in recent years. In the U.S., many states have made genetic testing mandatory for obtaining healthcare. Direct-to-consumer genetic testing can be provided directly to the individual or through a DNA lab. Because genetic information is in the public domain, genetic companies and laboratories are allowed to legally sell direct-to-consumer genetic testing services.

The fastest growing sector for direct-to-consumer genetic testing devices is genomics. Genomics refers to the study of entire genome sequences, or the entire genetic code or transcript. The most popular genetic tests use genetic variation to make predictions about specific traits, offer information about common genetic traits, and provide clues about an individual or ancestry. As of June 2020, there were over 900 publicly available genetic variants.

There are two primary types of genetic testing for individuals requesting genetic testing for healthcare purposes: home DNA tests and DNA swabs. Home DNA testing allows individuals to create their own DNA genetic profile at home using a kit that contains instructions and materials. DNA samples can be collected from different parts of the body, including the head, foot, and saliva. Saliva is the best source because it contains high levels of glucose and other nutrients that are passed into the blood stream. Most companies may require the use of a saliva collection kit for DNA collection from the mouth. DNA extracted from the saliva can then be analyzed through DNA profiling and compared to data from the patient's DNA samples.

DNA swabs can be collected by a company through a dental, or medical setting. A DNA swab is used to collect a DNA sample from a small area on the skin, such as the palm or back of the hand. DNA samples can also be collected by a company through a swab on the cheek or elsewhere on the body. Once a DNA sample is extracted from a tissue sample, it is sent to the lab for analysis.

There are two primary categories of direct-to-consumer genetic testing. One category provides results based on genetic material found in a patient's saliva or blood. The other category provides results based on genetic material found in a person's genes, which can be inherited from one or both parents. Direct-to-consumer DNA testing can also be used to determine relationships between family members.

The results from the DNA tests provided by direct-to-consumer genetic testing vary greatly depending on the type of test used and the DNA sample collected. For example, a saliva test provides results of the genetic makeup of a patient's blood. If results indicate that the DNA from the patient's blood sample matches that from a sibling, then the patient may be able to use that information to prove or disprove whether or not they sire a genetic match to a specific disease. DNA tests based on genetic material found in the patient's saliva, however, do not provide diagnostic confirmation of genetic links to diseases. These tests may only be used to support the diagnosis of conditions that are likely caused by genetic influences, such as cancer or Alzheimer's disease.